© Courtesy EcoPort (http://www.ecoport.org): B.French

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

© http://botit.botany.wisc.edu

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

© Pankaj Oudhia (Courtesy of EcoPort, www.ecoport.org)

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

© Monique Hunziker, Biovision

Kale Small scale farmers inspecting a kale crop.

© David C. Novell, Courtesy of EcoPort (www.ecoport.org)

Cabbage black spot - Cabbage leaf with early stage of alternaria black spot (Alternaria brassicae)

© Gerlach W. Courtesy of EcoPort, (www.ecoport.org)

Cabbage black spot - The spots darken with age, and the centers may become thin and papery or drop out, to produce a shot-hole effect.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cabbage webworm caterpillar (Hellula undalis) and damage on a kale leaf.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Caterpillar of the cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis) feeding in the stem of a kale plant.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis) feeding on a cabbage head

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Moth of the cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Caterpillar of the cabbage looper

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Damage caused by cabbage looper on kales

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cabbage looper

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Diamondback moth caterpillars feeding on kales

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cabbage damaged by diamondback moth

© F. Haas, icipe

Bagrada bugs The adult bagrada bug (Bagrada hilaris) is 5-7mm long and 3-4mm wide.

© B. Loehr, icipe

Damage caused by the bagrada bug on cabbage

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Colony of the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) on kales.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Damage by cabbage aphids on kale.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Damage caused by the cabbage aphid on cabbage

© A. M. Varela, icipe

The false cabbage aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) on a kale leaf.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) on kales

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cutworm (Agrotis sp.)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Mines cause by maggots, and a pupa of leafminer flies

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Sawfly

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Sawfly larva and damage on raddish

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Thrips damage on lower surface of cabbage leaf. Note rough brown patches and small dark spots (thrips faeces)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Thrips damage on upper surface of cabbage leaf

© M. Billah, icipe

The Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Close-up, very much enlarged. Real size (0.9 to 1.1 mm)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Caterpillars of the cabbage moth (Crocidolomia binotalis) feeding on cabbage

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Damage caused by caterpillars of the cabbage moth (Crocidolomia binotalis)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

The cabbage moth (Crocidolomia binotalis)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Heavy attack of the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) on kales.

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Adults and eggs of the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella).

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Adults and immature stages of the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella).

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Bacterial black rot on kales

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Bacterial black rot on kales

© A.A. Seif, icipe

Bacterial black rot on cabbage

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Bacterial black rot. Note blackening of water-conducting tissues of the stem

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Bacterial soft rot. Note slimy rot (whitish) of the centre of the cabbage head

© A.A. Seif, icipe

Black rot on cabbage. Note blackening of veins.

© A. A. Seif, icipe

Club-root. Note warty growth in the root system

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cauliflower mosaic virus

© A. A. Seif, icipe

Rhizoctonia disease: wirestem of seedlings. Diseased plant (right), healthy plant (left)

© A. M. Varela, icipe

White rust on kales. Note pustules on the lower side of the leaf

© A. A. Seif, icipe

Downy mildew on cabbage. Symptoms of the lower leaf surface

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Powdery mildew on a cabbage plant

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Ring spots on cabbage

© A. M. Varela, icipe

Cottony rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on a kale plant

© Sheppard JW (Courtesy of EcoPort, www.ecoport.org)

Black leg (Leptosphaeria maculans)

© A.A. Seif

A ladybird beetle preying on aphids on a kale leaf

© A.A. Seif

A smallholder farmer watering a kale nursery bed

© A.A. Seif

Bucket irrigation of cabbage in a small scale farm

© A.A. Seif

Cabbage field in a smallholder farm

© A.A. Seif

Cauliflower head

© A.A. Seif

Cyperus rotundus (nut grass) in kale nursery seedbed

© A.A. Seif

Glory of Enkuizen cabbge planted in strips

© A.A. Seif

Hand weeding in a cabbage plot

© A.A. Seif

Kale nursery - seedlings ready for transplanting

© A.A. Seif

Oxalis weed in kale nursery

© A.A. Seif

Powdery mildew on a kale leaf

© A.A. Seif

Red cabbage

© A.A. Seif

Scouting on a kale nursery by icipe trainees

© A.A. Seif

Super Master cabbage in Wundanyi, Kenya