Uncontrollable movements are slow, twisting, continuous, and involuntary movements of the arms, legs, face, neck, or other parts of the body.

See also: Tardive dyskinesia

This condition is usually a lifelong problem that begins during childhood and is characterized by involuntary neck, face, forearm, wrist, and hand movements. Facial grimaces along with tongue and jaw movements are often associated with involuntary neck movements.

Stress and activity often aggravate this condition, and relaxation and sleep help relieve the problem.

IN CHILDREN

• Hypoxia at birth
• Genetic disorder
• Kernicterus (excessive bilirubin in the central nervous system)

• Drug toxicity
• Degenerative disease
• Genetic disorder
• Neoplastic disease (tumors)
• Vascular (blood vessel) disease, usually stroke

Swimming, stretching, walking, and balancing exercises can help coordination and slow down the deterioration process.

Family support is important, and open discussion of feelings is recommended. Self-help groups are available in many communities, and physical therapy should be sought as necessary.

If there are any persistent involuntary movements that are unexplained, you should call your health care provider.

The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms and medical history. The physical examination may include detailed examination of both the nervous and the muscular systems.

Medical history questions may include:

• Does there seem to be prolonged muscle contractions causing the abnormal posture?
• Are the arms affected?
• Are the legs affected?
• When did this behavior begin?
• Did it occur suddenly?
• Has it been worsening gradually over months?
• Is it present continuously?
• At what age did this symptom begin?
• Is it worse after exercise?
• Is it worse when emotionally stressed?
• Is it better after sleep?
• What makes it better?
• What other symptoms are also present?

Tests that may be done include:

• CT scan or MRI of the head or affected area
• EEG
• Lumbar puncture
• Urinalysis
• Blood studies (such as CBC or blood differential)

Uncontrollable movements may be treated with various medications. Your health care provider will make recommendations based on your signs and symptoms.

Fahn S. Hypokinesia and hyperkinesia. In: Goetz, CG, ed. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 16.

Lang A. Other movement disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 434.