Where There Is No Doctor 2011 77
SHOCK
Shock is a life threatening condition that can result from a large burn, losing a lot
of blood, severe illnesses, dehydration, or severe allergic reaction. Heavy bleeding
inside the body—although not seen—can also cause shock.
Signs of SHOCK:
• w eak, rapid pulse (more than 100 per minute for an adult, more than 140 per
minute for a child over 2 years old, and more than 190 per minute for a baby)
• ‘cold sweat’; pale, cold, damp skin
• blood pressure drops dangerously low
• mental confusion, weakness, or loss of consciousness.
What to do to prevent or treat shock:
At the first sign of shock, or if there is risk of shock . . .
♦ Loosen any belts or tight clothing the person may be wearing.
♦ Have the person lie down with his feet a little higher than his head, like this:
However, if he has a severe head injury, put him in a ‘half sitting’ position (p. 91).
♦ Stop any bleeding. Use gloves or a plastic bag to keep the blood off your
hands.
♦ If the person feels cold, cover him with a blanket.
♦ If he is conscious and able to drink, give him sips of water or other drinks. If
he looks dehydrated, give a lot of liquid, and Rehydration Drink (p. 152). If he
does not respond quickly, give intravenous fluids if you know how.
♦ Treat his wounds, if he has any.
♦ If he is in pain, give him aspirin or another pain medicine—but not one with a
sedative such as codeine.
♦ Keep calm, reassure the person, and seek medical help.
If the person is unconscious:
♦ Lay him on his side with his head low.
♦ If he has vomited, clear his mouth immediately. Be sure his head is low, tilted
back, and to one side (see above) so he does not breathe vomit into his lungs.
If he has a neck or spine injury, do not tilt his head or move his back.
♦ Do no give him anything by mouth until he becomes conscious.
♦ If you or someone nearby knows how, give intravenous solution (normal saline)
at a fast drip.
♦ Seek medical help fast.