polio
PREVENTION of secondary problems
We have already discussed some ways to prevent new problems or complications in a
child with paralysis. In summary, important measures include:
• Prevent contractures and deformities. Begin appropriate range-of-motion exercises as
soon as the paralysis appears.
• At the first sign of a joint contracture, do stretching exercises 2 or 3 times a day—
every day.
Stretching exercises work better if you
stretch the joint firmly and continuously
for a few moments,
CORRECT
steady
push
steady
lift
instead of ‘pumping’ the limb back and
forth.
WRONG
We emphasize
this point
because
in many
countries
parents are
taught the
pumping
method—
which does
very little
good.
For more details, see “Contractures,” Chapter 8.
75
• Evaluate the child’s needs regularly, and change or adapt aids, braces, and
exercises to meet her changing needs. Too little or too much bracing can hold the child
back or create new problems.
• Be sure crutches do not press hard under the arms;
this can cause paralysis of the hands (see p. 393).
• Try not to let the child’s physical disability hold back
her overall physical, mental, and social development. Provide opportunities for
her to lead an active life and take part in games, activities, school, and work with
other children. PART 2 of this book discusses ways to help the community meet
the needs of disabled children.
OTHER PARTS OF THIS BOOK THAT MAY BE USEFUL IN
MEETING NEEDS OF A CHILD AFFECTED BY POLIO
*Especially important chapters are marked with a star:*
Physical examination, Chapter 4
Measurement of contractures and progress,
Chapter 5
Community needs, social adjustment,
growing up, PART 2, especially Chapters
47, 48, 52, 53
*Contractures, Chapter 8
Dislocated hips, Chapter 18
Spinal curve, Chapter 20
*Range-of-motion and other exercises,
Chapter 42
Making sure aids and procedures meet the
child’s needs, Chapter 56
*Braces and calipers, Chapter 58
*Correcting contractures, Chapter 59
Correcting club feet, Chapter 60
Crutch use, wheelchair transfers, etc.,
Chapter 43
Special seating and wheelchairs, Chapters
64, 65, 66
*Aids for walking, Chapter 63
For more information on polio, see References p. 637.
disabled village children